Signed Integers

In Java, integer of every size is signed. This is exactly why the range of the type is reduced by one bit. This one bit is used for holding the sign value.

remember size of each primitive type

1. byte - 8-bit signed
2. short - 16-bit signed
3. int - 32-bit signed
4. long - 64-bit signed

Range of integers

For every integer type, the range is always $-2^{N-1}$ to $2^{N-1} - 1$.

Always one less on the positive side

It's very important to remember these limits. This is happens because 0 is also considered on the positive side.